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Electrocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

ECG Interpretation of Rhythms

An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor.
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...

Exercise Stress Test

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

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Visualization of multivariate physiological data for cardiorespiratory fitness assessment through ECG (R-peak)

J E Munoz, S Bermudez I Badia, E Rubio

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

|January 7, 2016

Summary

New radar plots visualize cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) data from ECG signals. This tool helps users and professionals interpret complex CRF metrics against normative data, improving understanding of fitness levels.

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions

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Estimate the Cognitive Load Using Electrocardiographic Measure: A Human-AI Collaborative Task

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Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Exercise Physiology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Wearable fitness sensors generate vast multivariate data for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) assessment.
Existing CRF data visualizations (tabular, univariate plots) can overwhelm users.
Interpreting CRF data is challenging due to variations in normative data across demographics and activity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel CRF assessment tool utilizing radar plots.
To visualize multivariate cardiorespiratory data from electrocardiographic (ECG) signals within a normative context.
To facilitate easier interpretation of CRF data for both health professionals and non-expert users.

Main Methods:

Extraction of 5 key parameters from raw ECG data using R-peak analysis: mean heart rate (HR), SDNN, RMSSD, HRVI, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
Development of a CRF assessment tool employing radar plots for data representation.
Comparison of user performance data against established normative data.

Main Results:

The tool generates radar plots that effectively represent multivariate cardiorespiratory data.
Visualizations allow for straightforward comparison between individual user performance and normative benchmarks.
The radar plot format simplifies the interpretation of complex CRF metrics.

Conclusions:

Radar plots offer an intuitive method for visualizing and interpreting cardiorespiratory fitness data.
This approach enhances the accessibility of CRF assessment for a broader audience.
The tool aids in understanding individual fitness levels relative to population norms.