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Is breathing rate a confounding variable in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on EEG spectral power?

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    Changes in breathing rate do not significantly alter electroencephalography (EEG) bandpower features used in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This finding suggests that current BCI decoding methods are robust for patients with altered breathing patterns, including those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Rehabilitation Technology

    Background:

    • Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are crucial for restoring communication and control for individuals with severe motor impairments.
    • Electroencephalography (EEG) bandpower features are widely utilized in BCIs for decoding neural signals.
    • Patients with conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may require artificial ventilation, potentially affecting physiological signals like breathing rate.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of controlled breathing rate variations on EEG bandpower features relevant to BCI applications.
    • To determine if altered breathing patterns in patients could compromise the generalizability of BCI decoding models trained on healthy subjects.

    Main Methods:

    • Recorded high-density EEG data from twelve healthy participants.
    • Instructed participants to systematically alternate between fast and slow breathing rates.
    • Analyzed EEG data for statistically significant modulations in bandpower across different frequency bands.

    Main Results:

    • No statistically significant changes in EEG bandpower were observed due to variations in breathing rate.
    • The findings indicate that breathing rate alterations do not substantially affect the targeted EEG features.

    Conclusions:

    • Systematic changes in breathing rate are unlikely to significantly bias the performance of BCIs that rely on EEG bandpower features.
    • This suggests that current BCI technologies may be robust for use in patient populations with altered breathing patterns, including those with ALS.