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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
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A programmable and self-adjusting class E amplifier for efficient wireless powering of biomedical implants.

S Stoecklin, T Volk, A Yousaf

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents an adaptive Class E amplifier for implanted systems that maintains high efficiency despite coil impedance changes. It automatically reconfigures for dynamic impedance matching, improving wireless power transfer reliability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Wireless Power Transfer

    Background:

    • State-of-the-art Class E amplifiers for implanted systems suffer efficiency degradation due to variations in powering distance, coil orientation, and implant current consumption.
    • Existing amplifiers lack the ability to adapt to these real-time environmental and operational changes.
    • Implanted systems require stable and efficient wireless power transfer for reliable operation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present an enhanced Class E amplifier design that is insensitive to coil impedance variations.
    • To enable on-line detection of deviations and automatic reconfiguration for dynamic impedance matching.
    • To improve the efficiency and reliability of wireless power transfer for implanted systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a novel method for sensing load impedance without interrupting power supply.
    • Implementation of software-programmable main components for the Class E amplifier.
    • Design and testing of an adaptive prototype reader system.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a drain efficiency of up to 92% across a wide range of reflected coil impedances (1-40 Ω).
    • Demonstrated on-line detection of impedance deviations and automatic amplifier reconfiguration.
    • Integrated communication achieved downlink data rates up to 500 kBit/s and uplink rates up to 1.35 MBit/s.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed adaptive Class E amplifier effectively maintains high efficiency and stability under varying load conditions.
    • Dynamic impedance matching through on-line sensing and reconfiguration significantly enhances wireless power transfer for implanted devices.
    • The system offers robust communication capabilities, supporting high data rates for both downlink and uplink.