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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development of a Smartphone-Enhanced Paper-Based Device for Rapid Dengue NS1 Detection
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High-sensitive and high-efficient biochemical analysis method using a bionic electronic eye in combination with a

Kaiqi Su, Quchao Zou, Ning Hu

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 7, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A novel smartphone-based Bionic electronic eye (Bionic e-Eye) offers enhanced precision and sensitivity for colorimetric assays. This portable device presents an ideal solution for point-of-care diagnostics and various analytical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Colorimetric assays are crucial for various analytical applications.
    • Existing microtiter plate readers can be bulky and asynchronous.
    • Smartphone-based readers offer potential for portability and cost-effectiveness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a smartphone-based colorimetric reader system, the Bionic electronic eye (Bionic e-Eye).
    • To assess the analytical performance of Bionic e-Eye compared to traditional methods.
    • To demonstrate the suitability of Bionic e-Eye for high-throughput and point-of-care applications.

    Main Methods:

    • The Bionic e-Eye system integrates a smartphone, portable illumination, wide-angle lens, electro-luminescent plate, and dark hood.
    • Image processing utilizes the Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV) color model.
    • System dimensions were optimized for steadiness.
    • Performance was evaluated using BCA protein assay and CCK8 cell number assay.

    Main Results:

    • Bionic e-Eye demonstrated superior precision and sensitivity compared to microtiter plate readers and previous smartphone-based systems.
    • The system operates in a simultaneous and synchronous mode for high-throughput detection.
    • Optimized system dimensions ensured reliable performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Bionic e-Eye is a highly precise and sensitive smartphone-based colorimetric detection device.
    • Its synchronous working mode enhances efficiency in high-throughput applications.
    • Bionic e-Eye is a promising point-of-care device for clinical, industrial, environmental, and food assessments.