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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Quantum tunnelling, traversing energy barriers exceeding a state's energy, is a key quantum phenomenon.
  • Hypothesized as a resource for quantum annealing optimization, multiqubit tunnelling remains unobserved.
  • A theory for co-tunnelling under noise is lacking, hindering quantum annealer design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and demonstrate the computational role of 8-qubit tunnelling in a programmable quantum annealer.
  • To develop a theoretical framework for open quantum dynamics and many-body dissipative tunnelling under realistic noise conditions.
  • To compare the performance of quantum tunnelling against thermal hopping for complex computational problems.

Main Methods:

  • Devised a novel probe for tunnelling, utilizing a computational primitive where classical paths are trapped in false minima.
  • Developed a nonperturbative theory of open quantum dynamics incorporating realistic noise characteristics and the polaron effect.
  • Conducted experiments on a programmable quantum annealer to validate theoretical predictions and compare tunnelling with thermal hopping.

Main Results:

  • Successfully observed 8-qubit tunnelling playing a computational role in a current quantum annealer.
  • The developed theory accurately predicts the rate of many-body dissipative quantum tunnelling.
  • Experimental results show quantum tunnelling outperforms thermal hopping for problems up to 200 qubits.

Conclusions:

  • 8-qubit tunnelling is a demonstrable computational resource in contemporary quantum annealers.
  • The new theory provides accurate predictions for quantum tunnelling dynamics under noise.
  • Quantum tunnelling offers a significant advantage over classical thermal hopping for large-scale optimization problems.