Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

9.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
9.0K
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

4.2K
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential....
4.2K
Vision01:24

Vision

61.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.4K
Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

3.2K
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
3.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

4.3K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
4.3K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Convergence of Cortical and Thalamic Origins of Free Behavior Modulation of Mouse Primary Visual Cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Graph embeddings for identifying symmetries in Connectomes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

FACED 2.0 enables large-scale voltage and calcium imaging in vivo.

Nature methods·2025
Same author

Prediction of neural activity in connectome-constrained recurrent networks.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Interleaving asynchronous and synchronous activity in balanced cortical networks with short term synaptic depression.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Guided by Noise: Correlated Variability Channels Task-Relevant Information in Sensory Neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

Targeting intracranial electrical stimulation to network regions defined within individuals causes network-level effects.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

When "Noise" Isn't Simply Noise: Deterministic Postural Drive During Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS).

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Abrupt Scene Onsets and Gradually Emerging Scene Information Produce Distinct EEG Decoding Dynamics.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

From discovery to translation: charting a course for the <i>Journal of Neurophysiology</i>.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Neuromodulatory Strategies Overcome Multiple Inevitable Impairments of Cerebral Palsy.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same journal

Acute Fentanyl Toxicity:From Opioid-Induced to Hypoxia-Mediated Pathophysiology.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation
09:50

Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation

Published on: October 6, 2011

17.9K

Inhibitory stabilization and visual coding in cortical circuits with multiple interneuron subtypes.

Ashok Litwin-Kumar1, Robert Rosenbaum2, Brent Doiron3

  • 1Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and ak3625@columbia.edu.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|January 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models cortical networks with distinct interneuron types (parvalbumin, somatostatin, VIP), revealing how their interactions shape network stability and function. Understanding these recurrent inhibitory dynamics is crucial for explaining experimental observations in the visual cortex.

Keywords:
V1inhibitionmodeling

More Related Videos

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.9K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation
09:50

Mapping Inhibitory Neuronal Circuits by Laser Scanning Photostimulation

Published on: October 6, 2011

17.9K
Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices
08:49

Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

Published on: January 22, 2018

13.9K
Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
10:19

Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo

Published on: March 31, 2016

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cortical inhibitory interneurons exhibit diverse functional roles.
  • Existing theoretical models often simplify interneurons into a single population, neglecting subtype-specific computations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of recurrent excitatory-inhibitory cortical networks incorporating distinct interneuron subtypes (PV, SOM, VIP).
  • To understand how network stability and activity perturbations are influenced by specific interneuron populations.
  • To elucidate the roles of interneuron subtypes in phenomena like disinhibition and surround suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical model of recurrent excitatory-inhibitory cortical networks.
  • Incorporated connectivity properties based on experimental data from mouse primary visual cortex.
  • Utilized calculations and simulations to analyze network dynamics and stability.

Main Results:

  • Identified conditions for stable network activity based on interneuron subtype interactions.
  • Demonstrated how perturbations of specific interneuron subtypes alter network activity via recurrent projections.
  • Explained experimental observations of disinhibition, surround suppression, and orientation tuning modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent inhibitory dynamics involving distinct interneuron subtypes are essential for understanding cortical function.
  • The model provides testable predictions for connectivity and network dynamics, amenable to optogenetic manipulation.
  • This work highlights the necessity of considering interneuron diversity for accurate cortical modeling.