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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
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Natural Cosmeceutical Ingredients for Hyperpigmentation.

Noelani Gonzalez, Maritza Perez

    Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
    |January 8, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dermatologists seek natural alternatives for hyperpigmentation treatment due to safety concerns with hydroquinone (HQ). This review explores cosmeceutical ingredients and their mechanisms targeting melanocyte pathways.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Cosmeceuticals
    • Hyperpigmentation Research

    Background:

    • Hydroquinone (HQ) is the standard hyperpigmentation treatment but carries safety concerns like ochronosis and atrophy.
    • Existing depigmenting agents may cause adverse effects with prolonged use, necessitating safer alternatives.
    • There is a growing need for non-prescription, natural ingredients in dermatological treatments for skin discoloration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review natural ingredients used in cosmeceuticals for hyperpigmentation.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms of action of these natural ingredients.
    • To describe melanocyte activation pathways and how natural ingredients interfere with them.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of cosmeceutical ingredients for hyperpigmentation.

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  • Analysis of scientific data on the efficacy and safety of natural alternatives.
  • Examination of pathways involved in melanogenesis and their modulation by natural compounds.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified several natural cosmeceutical ingredients with potential depigmenting effects.
    • Detailed the specific mechanisms by which these ingredients inhibit melanogenesis.
    • Provided insights into how natural compounds interact with melanocyte signaling pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural ingredients in cosmeceuticals offer promising alternatives for hyperpigmentation management.
    • Understanding ingredient mechanisms provides a basis for developing safer and effective treatments.
    • Further research into natural alternatives can advance dermatological care for hyperpigmentation.