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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

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tRFs: miRNAs in disguise.

Thejaswini Venkatesh¹, Padmanaban S Suresh², Rie Tsutsumi³

¹Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575 018, Karnataka, India.

|January 9, 2016

Summary

Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived small interfering RNAs (tiRNAs) regulate biological processes. This study catalogues overlapping sequences between tRFs and microRNAs (miRNAs), identifying key regulatory pathways.

Keywords:

miRNAs tRFs tRNAs

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
RNA Biology

Background:

Transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA-derived small interfering RNAs (tiRNAs) are emerging classes of regulatory non-coding small RNAs.
These molecules originate from the processing of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
tRFs and tiRNAs have been implicated in diverse biological functions, including translation regulation, viral defense, and cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the regulatory roles of tRFs in translation, viral infections, and carcinogenesis.
To investigate the association of tRFs with Argonaute proteins and their potential miRNA-like functions.
To address the challenge of misannotation in deep sequencing data due to sequence overlap between tRFs and tRNA-derived miRNAs.

Main Methods:

Cataloguing human miRNAs that share sequences with tRFs using the miRBase database.
Identifying miRNAs with significant prediction scores among those overlapping with tRFs.
Utilizing DIANA-mirPath to identify common regulatory pathways for specific miRNAs.

Main Results:

Identified 20 tRNA-derived miRNAs that share sequences with tRFs.
Five miRNAs (miR-3182, miR-4521, miR-1260a, miR-1260b, and miR-7977) exhibited significant prediction scores.
The lysine degradation pathway was identified as a common regulatory pathway for miR-1260a, miR-1260b, and miR-3182.

Conclusions:

tRFs and miRNAs derived from tRNAs can share sequence homology, necessitating careful analysis of deep sequencing data.
The identified overlapping sequences and regulatory pathways provide insights into the complex roles of small RNAs in cellular processes.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the functional significance of these overlapping tRFs and miRNAs in health and disease.