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Related Concept Videos

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction01:41

Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

4.3K
Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.
4.3K
NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:30

NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

5.6K
In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. The chemical shift value depends on the concentration and solvent used.
While α protons of carboxylic acids absorb at 2–2.5 ppm, β protons absorb further upfield.
Carboxylic acids are easily identified by dissolving them in deuterium oxide, which results in a rapid exchange of the acidic protons with deuterium. This leads to the...
5.6K
Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:21

Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

9.2K
Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in water and readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion.
9.2K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

6.6K
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols.
6.6K
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

4.2K
There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents results in a carboxylic acid.  Aldehydes can also be oxidized in the presence of mild oxidizing agents.
4.2K
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

3.3K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
3.3K

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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Highly Energetic, Low Sensitivity Aromatic Peroxy Acids.

Nipuni-Dhanesha H Gamage1, Benedikt Stiasny2, Jörg Stierstorfer2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aromatic peroxy acids show varied sensitivity. Benzene-1,3,5-tris(carboperoxoic) acid is highly sensitive, while dinitro derivatives are safer, with high detonation velocities.

Keywords:
explosiveshydrogen bondingperoxidessensitivitiesstructure elucidation

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Area of Science:

  • Energetic Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Aromatic peroxy acids are a class of compounds with potential applications as energetic materials.
  • Understanding the relationship between molecular structure and sensitivity is crucial for designing safer explosives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a series of aromatic peroxy acid compounds.
  • To evaluate their sensitivity, structural properties, and energetic performance.
  • To correlate structural features with observed sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of aromatic peroxy acid derivatives.
  • Impact and friction sensitivity testing.
  • Calculation of detonation velocities.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis for solid-state structure determination.

Main Results:

  • Benzene-1,3,5-tris(carboperoxoic) acid exhibits high sensitivity, comparable to triacetone triperoxide.
  • Benzene-1,4-bis(carboperoxoic) acid, 4-nitrobenzoperoxoic acid, and 3,5-dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid show significantly lower sensitivity, similar to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
  • Calculated detonation velocities for 3,5-dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoperoxoic acid surpass that of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.
  • Solid-state structure of 3,5-dinitrobenzoperoxoic acid reveals intermolecular hydrogen bonds and close contacts, potentially contributing to its reduced sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatic peroxy acids display a wide range of energetic properties.
  • Molecular structure, particularly the presence of nitro groups and specific intermolecular interactions, significantly influences sensitivity.
  • The findings provide insights into the design of novel energetic materials with tailored safety and performance characteristics.