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Area of Science:

  • Earth Science
  • Geology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Human activity is increasingly recognized for its pervasive impact on Earth's systems.
  • The debate continues regarding the formal designation of a new geologic time unit, the Anthropocene, to reflect these impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anthropogenic markers within the stratigraphic record.
  • To assess functional changes in the Earth system attributable to human activities.
  • To determine if these markers support the stratigraphic distinction of the Anthropocene from the Holocene.

Main Methods:

  • Review of stratigraphic records for anthropogenic markers.
  • Analysis of manufactured materials (e.g., aluminum, plastics, concrete) in sediments.
  • Examination of global spikes in radionuclides and particulates from fossil fuel combustion.
  • Assessment of modifications to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles.
  • Evaluation of sea-level rise and climate system perturbations.
  • Documentation of biotic changes, including species invasions and extinction rates.

Main Results:

  • Manufactured materials, radionuclides, and combustion particulates are widespread in sediments.
  • Global elemental cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) show substantial modifications.
  • Rates of sea-level rise and climate perturbation exceed those of the Late Holocene.
  • Accelerating species invasions and extinctions are evident globally.

Conclusions:

  • The combined anthropogenic signals provide a distinct stratigraphic signature.
  • These signals differentiate the Anthropocene from the Holocene and earlier geologic epochs.
  • The evidence supports the recognition of the Anthropocene as a distinct geologic time unit.