Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

71.3K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
71.3K
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

4.9K
Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
4.9K
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

51.6K
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
51.6K
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

10.4K
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
10.4K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

74.0K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
74.0K
Meiosis I03:09

Meiosis I

46.5K
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
46.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Subretinal injection in the USH1CR31* pig model leads to chorioretinal atrophy that limits evaluation of efficacy of an AAV-mediated gene therapy.

Experimental eye research·2026
Same author

Mouse offspring conceived by in vitro fertilization exhibit accelerated reproductive aging through early ovarian failure.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

When Shear and Interfaces Matter: In Vivo Water-in-Silicone Oil Droplet Formation during Long-Term Vitreous Tamponade.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Treatment of spinal injury muscle spasticity by spinal subpial AAV9-GAD65/VGAT delivery: An efficacy and safety study in rat, pig, and NHP.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026
Same author

Molecular features of a Huntington's disease knock-in minipig.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026
Same author

Induced pluripotent stem cells from a transgenic minipig model of Huntington's disease reveal early metabolic changes.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos
07:46

Author Spotlight: Understanding DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.4K

DNA damage response during mouse oocyte maturation.

Alexandra Mayer1, Vladimir Baran1,2, Yogo Sakakibara3

  • 1a Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR , Libechov , Czech Republic.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|January 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meiotic maturation in oocytes relies on MRE11, not ATM, to maintain DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and chromosome integrity. This ensures proper chromosome segregation, preventing errors during meiosis.

Keywords:
DNA damageMRE11double strand DNA breaksmeiotic maturationmouse oocytes

More Related Videos

Whole Mount Immunofluorescence and Follicle Quantification of Cultured Mouse Ovaries
08:15

Whole Mount Immunofluorescence and Follicle Quantification of Cultured Mouse Ovaries

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.5K
Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Understanding DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos
07:46

Author Spotlight: Understanding DNA Damage Response in Mammalian Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Published on: June 23, 2023

3.4K
Whole Mount Immunofluorescence and Follicle Quantification of Cultured Mouse Ovaries
08:15

Whole Mount Immunofluorescence and Follicle Quantification of Cultured Mouse Ovaries

Published on: May 2, 2018

11.5K
Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Low levels of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) may not fully activate the ATM-mediated prophase I checkpoint in oocytes.
  • Mechanisms protecting chromosome integrity during meiotic maturation require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and associated proteins in maintaining chromosome integrity during oocyte meiotic maturation.
  • To determine the involvement of MRE11 and ATM in DSB detection and repair during oocyte meiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Live imaging of oocytes treated with Neocarzinostatin (NCS) to induce DSBs.
  • Quantification of DSBs using γH2AX foci.
  • Inhibition of MRE11 using mirin to assess its role in chromosome integrity.

Main Results:

  • Neocarzinostatin (NCS) treatment increased DSBs but did not consistently activate the APC/C or delay anaphase onset.
  • MRE11, not ATM, was essential for DSB detection in prophase I and H2AX phosphorylation in metaphase I.
  • Inhibiting MRE11 led to anaphase bridges and increased DSBs in metaphase II oocytes, indicating compromised DNA integrity.

Conclusions:

  • MRE11 plays a critical role in detecting DSBs and maintaining chromosome integrity during oocyte meiotic maturation.
  • ATM is not essential for DSB detection in prophase I oocytes.
  • Proper DNA repair mechanisms involving MRE11 are crucial for preventing segregation errors during oocyte meiosis.