Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.8K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.8K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.8K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.8K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.3K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.3K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.3K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.9K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.9K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

8.0K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Peak2Patch: High-Fidelity Functional Group Identification through Attention-Based Fusion of Infrared and Mass Spectra.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Single-cell spatiotemporal dissection of the human maternal-fetal interface.

Nature·2026
Same author

KMT2C and KMT2D amplify GRHL2-driven enhancer activation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A Computational Community Blind Challenge on Pan-Coronavirus Drug Discovery Data.

Journal of chemical information and modeling·2026
Same author

Integrative multi-omic and phenotypic analysis of open raceway pond production of Monoraphidium minutum 26B-AM reveals distinct stress signatures for scale-up and infection.

Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts·2026
Same author

miR-302 regulates pancreatic progenitor pool and pancreatic size.

Biology open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.9K

FOXD3 Regulates Pluripotent Stem Cell Potential by Simultaneously Initiating and Repressing Enhancer Activity.

Raga Krishnakumar1, Amy F Chen1, Marisol G Pantovich2

  • 1The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|January 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Forkhead transcription factor FOXD3 regulates developmental potential in pluripotent cells. It primes enhancers by remodeling chromatin and repressing maximal activation, preparing genes for future expression during cell differentiation.

More Related Videos

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
00:08

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers

1.5K
Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

15.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

10.9K
A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers
00:08

A Rapid In Vivo Bioassay for Developmentally Active Enhancers

1.5K
Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development
14:08

Blastomere Explants to Test for Cell Fate Commitment During Embryonic Development

Published on: January 26, 2013

15.9K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Pluripotent stem cells must maintain developmental potential and respond to cues.
  • Enhancers regulate gene expression temporally and contextually during development.
  • Understanding regulation of enhancers is crucial for early development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate enhancer activity regulation during embryonic stem cell to epiblast cell differentiation.
  • To identify key regulators of pluripotent cell developmental potential.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of enhancer activity during cell differentiation.
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify transcription factor binding sites.
  • Biochemical assays to assess chromatin remodeling and histone modification.

Main Results:

  • FOXD3 (forkhead transcription factor) identified as a major regulator.
  • FOXD3 binds distinct sites in embryonic stem cells and epiblast cells.
  • FOXD3 employs a dual mechanism: recruiting BRG1 for nucleosome removal and histone deacetylases 1/2 for repression.
  • FOXD3 establishes and represses enhancer activity simultaneously.

Conclusions:

  • FOXD3 modulates pluripotent cell developmental potential through dynamic enhancer regulation.
  • FOXD3's dual-function mechanism prepares genes for precise expression during differentiation.
  • FOXD3 switching of target sites is critical for developmental transitions.