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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Genetic Drift03:33

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

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Disruptive selection without genome-wide evolution across a migratory divide.

Jan A C von Rönn1, Aaron B A Shafer2, Jochen B W Wolf1,2

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Str. 2, 24306, Plön, Germany.

Molecular Ecology
|January 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disruptive selection favors distinct migratory behaviors in barn swallows, but gene flow prevents significant genetic differentiation. This adaptive response is eroded by continuous mating, hindering population divergence despite selection pressures.

Keywords:
assortative matingbird migrationgenome scanincipient speciationmeiotic drive

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal migration
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Transcontinental migration showcases animal adaptation to climate change, but fitness and genetic consequences remain unclear.
  • Migratory divides offer natural experiments to study micro-evolutionary dynamics under sympatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of migratory programs on survival, trait evolution, and population differentiation in European barn swallows.
  • Analyze genome-wide patterns and identify genetic factors influencing migratory behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Sampled 824 barn swallows from allopatric and mixed populations within a migratory divide.
  • Collected 5-year survival data and analyzed morphological traits, microsatellites, mtDNA, and over 20,000 genome-wide SNP markers.

Main Results:

  • Wing length correlated with distance to wintering grounds, driven by disruptive selection against intermediate phenotypes.
  • Despite selection, genome-wide genetic differentiation was not observed, with no evidence of local genomic selection between migratory types.
  • A single outlier locus associated with cell division (BUB1 gene) was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive responses to migratory variation are continuously eroded by gene flow under nonassortative mating.
  • Population differentiation is challenging to achieve despite disruptive selection when gene flow is present.