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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Overview
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Measuring the 50% Haemolytic Complement CH50 Activity of Serum
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Complement activation in leprosy: a retrospective study shows elevated circulating terminal complement complex in

N Bahia El Idrissi1, S Hakobyan2, V Ramaglia1

  • 1Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|January 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored the complement system

Keywords:
complementleprosyreactions

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • Leprosy diagnosis and stratification currently rely on acquired immunity markers.
  • The role of innate immunity, specifically the complement system, in leprosy is under-investigated.
  • Understanding innate immunity's role may improve patient stratification and reaction prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if systemic levels of complement activation products and regulators can stratify leprosy patients.
  • To determine the association between complement system components and the reactional state in leprosy.
  • To explore novel biomarkers for identifying patients at risk of leprosy reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of serum samples from two leprosy cohorts (Bangladesh and Ethiopia).
  • Quantification of complement activation products (terminal complement complex [TCC], C4d, iC3b) and a regulator (clusterin).
  • Comparison of complement levels between leprosy patients (pauci-bacillary and multi-bacillary, with/without reaction) and endemic controls.

Main Results:

  • Elevated levels of TCC, C4d, and iC3b were observed in Bangladeshi patients with reaction compared to controls.
  • Clusterin levels were increased in multi-bacillary patients, regardless of reactional state.
  • Ethiopian cohort analysis confirmed significantly higher serum TCC levels in patients with reactions versus those without.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic complement activation products, particularly TCC, show potential as biomarkers for leprosy.
  • Serum TCC levels may aid in identifying leprosy patients at risk of developing reactions.
  • Innate immunity, via the complement system, plays a role in leprosy stratification and reaction development.