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Related Concept Videos

Regional Terms01:12

Regional Terms

16.7K
Regional terms describe anatomy by dividing the body parts into different regions that contain structures involved in contributing similar functions. Using these terms helps increase the accurate description and identification of the particular region of interest or region affected by the disease.
Primarily, the human body has two major regions, the axial and appendicular regions. The axial region comprises regions from the head to the abdomen and makes up the central body axis. In contrast,...
16.7K
Pain01:20

Pain

1.8K
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
1.8K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.9K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.9K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

2.9K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
2.9K
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants01:19

Abdominal Regions and Quadrants

19.4K
To promote clear communication, for instance, about the location of a patient's abdominal pain or a suspicious mass, anatomists and clinicians typically use imaginary lines to categorize the abdominopelvic cavity into either four quadrants or nine regions to identify organs in the cavity.
The simpler quadrants approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersects at the patient's umbilicus (navel). The four...
19.4K
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.7K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
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Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

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[COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME].

Ivan Blažeković, Ervina Bilić, Marija Žagar

    Lijecnicki Vjesnik
    |January 12, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling pain condition. This review covers its epidemiology, diagnosis, and varied treatments, highlighting the need for further research into this under-recognized disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pain Medicine
    • Rehabilitation

    Background:

    • Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is characterized by persistent, disabling pain, often following trauma.
    • Older terms include reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia.
    • CRPS presents with motor and autonomic symptoms, differing from other neuropathic pain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CRPS.
    • To discuss diagnostic challenges and the diversity of clinical presentations.
    • To highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches and further research.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of contemporary literature on CRPS.
    • Discussion of diagnostic criteria, including the Budapest Criteria and electromyoneurography.

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  • Exploration of various treatment modalities, from pharmacological to invasive interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • CRPS I and II are distinguished by neurological damage, though new methods challenge this.
    • Autonomic dysfunction, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroplasticity are implicated.
    • Treatment is complex, requiring individualized, interdisciplinary care.

    Conclusions:

    • CRPS is an under-recognized disease with complex pathophysiology and presentation.
    • Current diagnostic and treatment strategies require refinement.
    • Further research is essential for improved understanding and therapies.