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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

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Published on: February 6, 2017

MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Enterovirus Infection

Bing-Ching Ho^1,2, Pan-Chyr Yang^3,4,5, Sung-Liang Yu^6,7,8,9,10

¹Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. f94424002@ntu.edu.tw.

|January 12, 2016

Abstract:

There are no currently available specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections. Although several vaccines have entered clinical trials, the efficacy requires further evaluation, particularly for cross-strain protective activity. Curing patients with viral infections is a public health problem due to antigen alterations and drug resistance caused by the high genomic mutation rate. To conquer these limits in the development of anti-Enterovirus treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between Enterovirus and host cells is urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes the biggest family of gene regulators in mammalian cells and regulates almost a half of all human genes. The roles of miRNAs in Enterovirus pathogenesis have recently begun to be noted. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in the understanding of Enterovirus infection-modulated miRNAs. The impacts of altered host miRNAs on cellular processes, including immune escape, apoptosis, signal transduction, shutdown of host protein synthesis and viral replication, are discussed. Finally, miRNA-based medication provides a promising strategy for the development of antiviral therapy.

Insights

Developing antiviral therapies for Enterovirus infections is challenging due to rapid mutation. This review highlights how microRNAs (miRNAs) impact viral pathogenesis, offering a promising new avenue for drug development.

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections are currently unavailable.
High mutation rates in viruses lead to antigen alterations and drug resistance, complicating treatment.
Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective anti-Enterovirus strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding Enterovirus infection-modulated microRNAs (miRNAs).
To discuss the role of altered host miRNAs in viral pathogenesis and cellular processes.
To explore miRNA-based therapeutics as a potential antiviral strategy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on Enterovirus, host cells, and microRNAs.
Analysis of the impact of altered host miRNAs on cellular functions.
Synthesis of current knowledge on miRNA-mediated viral pathogenesis.

Main Results:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play significant roles in Enterovirus pathogenesis.
Altered host miRNAs affect crucial cellular processes like immune escape, apoptosis, and viral replication.
miRNA dysregulation is a key factor in Enterovirus infection outcomes.

Conclusions:

MicroRNAs are critical regulators in Enterovirus infections.
Targeting host miRNAs presents a novel and promising strategy for developing antiviral therapies.
Further research into miRNA-host-virus interactions can lead to effective treatments for Enterovirus infections.

Read full analysis

Keywords:

apoptosis microRNA non-coding RNA protein synthesis shutdown virus replication

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