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Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses

Ellis L Ryan1, Robert Hollingworth2, Roger J Grand3

  • 1School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. exr729@student.bham.ac.uk.

Biomolecules
|January 12, 2016
PubMed

Insights

RNA viruses cause significant DNA damage and manipulate host DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Understanding these interactions is crucial for combating viral diseases and tumorigenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA viruses are diverse pathogens causing prevalent human diseases.
  • Viral infection can induce DNA damage and genetic instability in host cells.
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a critical cellular pathway for DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on RNA virus interactions with the DDR.
  • To elucidate how RNA viruses activate and manipulate DDR pathways.
  • To understand the implications of these interactions for viral pathogenesis and host cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RNA viruses and DDR.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which RNA viruses induce DNA damage.
  • Examination of viral manipulation of DDR components and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Many RNA viruses induce significant DNA damage, even when replicating in the cytoplasm.
  • Activated DDR pathways can contribute to viral pathogenesis, including apoptosis and mutagenesis.
  • DDR activation can also facilitate RNA virus replication.

Conclusions:

  • RNA viruses actively engage with and manipulate the host DDR.
  • These interactions have profound effects on host cell function, viral pathogenesis, and disease risk.
  • Further research into RNA virus-DDR interactions offers insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
DNA damage responseHCVHIV-1HTLV-1IBVInfluenza ARNA virusesretroviruses

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