Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
Published on: October 22, 2014
Sky K H Chew1, Deb Colville, Piers Canty
1The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine (Northern Health), Epping, Australia.
Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit more severe small vessel disease, specifically microvascular retinopathy, compared to the general hospital population. This indicates a potential link between COPD and increased cardiovascular risk.
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