On the design and evaluation of a steady flow model for Doppler ultrasound studies

For experimental studies of pulsed and continuous wave Doppler systems, a steady flow model has the important advantage of simplicity in interpreting the results. However, there are a number of important aspects of the design that require careful consideration before a satisfactory design can be achieved. This paper discusses these aspects and some of the difficulties that can arise. It also describes the design and evaluation of a steady flow model that uses a rigid tube with a suspension of glutaraldehyde hardened red blood cells in physiological saline as the scattering medium.