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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Whole-Kidney Three-Dimensional Staining with CUBIC
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Kidney.

A Hart1, J M Smith2,3, M A Skeans3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney transplant offers better survival and quality of life than dialysis for end-stage kidney disease patients. Waiting lists and times grew in 2014, but graft survival improved post-transplant.

Keywords:
End-stage renal diseasekidney transplantorgan allocationwaiting list

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Kidney transplantation significantly improves survival, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life compared to dialysis for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
  • The number of patients on the kidney transplant waiting list, including adults and pediatrics, has steadily increased, reaching nearly 100,000 adults and 1500 pediatric candidates by the end of 2014.
  • Consequently, waiting times for transplantation have lengthened, and the number of candidates removed from the list due to mortality or worsening health has also risen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in kidney transplant waiting lists, candidate demographics, and outcomes up to 2014.
  • To evaluate the impact of deceased and living donor kidney transplants on graft survival in adult recipients.
  • To establish a baseline for assessing future trends following the implementation of a new organ allocation system in late 2014.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of national kidney transplant waiting list data and recipient outcomes.
  • Examination of trends in waiting list numbers, waiting times, and candidate removal reasons.
  • Assessment of death-censored graft survival rates for adult recipients of both living and deceased donor kidney transplants over the past decade.

Main Results:

  • The kidney transplant waiting list continued to grow in 2014, with increasing waiting times and candidate removals due to death or poor health.
  • Death-censored graft survival rates have shown improvement for both living and deceased donor kidney transplants in adult recipients over the last ten years.
  • Most observed trends from the preceding five years persisted through 2014, prior to the new allocation system's implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite improved graft survival, the growing demand for kidney transplants outpaces supply, leading to longer waiting times and increased mortality among candidates.
  • The introduction of a new organ allocation system in late 2014 presents a critical juncture for future analysis of transplant trends and outcomes.
  • Continued monitoring and strategic adjustments to organ allocation are essential to address the persistent challenges in kidney transplantation.