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Related Concept Videos

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
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Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.3K
Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.7K
Sharpless Epoxidation02:57

Sharpless Epoxidation

5.4K
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The use of a chiral catalyst enables the formation of one enantiomer of the product in excess. This chiral catalyst is mainly a chiral complex of titanium tetraisopropoxide and tartrate ester (specific stereoisomer). The stereoisomer used in the chiral catalyst dictates the formation of the enantiomer of the product. In other words, the use of...
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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Catalysts for CO2/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization.

G Trott1, P K Saini1, C K Williams2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|January 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catalyst development is key for ring-opening copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxides. This review highlights recent progress in controlling polymer properties for valuable applications.

Keywords:
CO2catalysispolycarbonatering-opening copolymerization

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Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide utilization is crucial for sustainability.
  • Ring-opening copolymerization offers a route to valorize CO2.
  • Catalyst selection dictates polymer characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review recent advancements in catalysts for CO2-epoxide copolymerization.
  • Highlight key findings and hypotheses in the field.
  • Showcase research examples for catalyst control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of catalyst development.
  • Analysis of catalyst performance in CO2-epoxide copolymerization.
  • Exemplification with specific research findings.

Main Results:

  • Catalyst design significantly impacts polymer composition and properties.
  • Recent progress shows enhanced control over copolymerization.
  • Specific catalysts enable tailored polymer architectures.

Conclusions:

  • Effective catalysts are essential for producing valuable polymers from CO2.
  • Continued research in catalyst development is vital for sustainable polymer production.
  • Understanding catalyst mechanisms leads to improved polymer applications.