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Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study.

Mine Gecgelen Cesur1, Gokhan Cesur2, Mert Ogrenim3

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Hypothyroidism (HT) during pregnancy and after birth in rats significantly reduced craniofacial growth. Both prenatal and postnatal HT negatively impacted jaw and skull development, highlighting the critical role of thyroid hormones.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Craniofacial biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for normal growth and development.
  • Hypothyroidism can impact various physiological processes, including skeletal development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of experimental prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism on rat craniofacial structure.
  • To compare the craniofacial outcomes between prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism models.

Main Methods:

  • Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar albino rats using methimazole (MMI) during pregnancy (prenatal HT) and after birth (postnatal HT).
  • Control groups received normal tap water.
  • Lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior radiographs were taken at 90 days of age.

Main Results:

  • Significant reductions in palatal, cranial, bizygomatic arch, and bigonial width were observed in both prenatal and postnatal HT groups compared to controls.
  • Most sagittal and transverse craniofacial measurements differed significantly between the HT groups and the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Untreated hypothyroidism detrimentally affects both maxillary and mandibular growth.
  • Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism lead to significant craniofacial undergrowth in rats.