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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Structure01:55

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
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Bone strength: more than just bone density.

Susan M Ott1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Kidney International
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Bone density alone doesn't predict bone strength. Raloxifene showed benefits for bone quality in a kidney disease animal model, suggesting potential for new fracture-reducing medications.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and biomechanics
  • Nephrology and skeletal health

Background:

  • Standard bone density measurements do not fully capture bone strength, as they neglect crucial aspects of bone quality.
  • Patients with kidney disease often exhibit compromised bone quality, increasing fracture risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of raloxifene on bone quality in an animal model of progressive kidney disease.
  • To highlight the importance of bone quality metrics in developing new therapeutic strategies for skeletal fragility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an animal model simulating progressive kidney disease.
  • Administered raloxifene to assess its impact on bone quality parameters.
  • Employed biomechanical measurements to evaluate bone strength and quality.

Main Results:

  • Raloxifene demonstrated beneficial effects on bone quality in the context of progressive kidney disease.
  • The study underscores the limitations of traditional bone density assessments for predicting bone strength.

Conclusions:

  • Bone quality is a critical determinant of bone strength, especially in kidney disease.
  • Biomechanical assessments are vital for evaluating therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing fractures.
  • Raloxifene may hold promise for improving bone health in patients with kidney disease-related skeletal complications.