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Facial Expressions Evoke Differential Neural Coupling in Macaques.

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Emotional faces alter neural connections in the brain

Keywords:
DCMconnectivityemotionfacesprimates

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Primate Studies

Background:

  • Face perception involves a widespread brain network in humans and monkeys.
  • Emotional facial expressions elicit stronger neural responses than neutral ones (valence effect).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how emotional facial expressions modulate functional connectivity within face-processing brain regions.
  • To test the hypothesis that specific neural pathways are differentially affected by various emotional expressions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) were employed in three monkeys.
  • Bayesian model selection was used to analyze neural interactions between key brain areas: inferior temporal cortex (TEO, TE), amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC).

Main Results:

  • The valence effect was mediated by feedback connections from the amygdala to TEO/TE and VLPFC to the amygdala/TE.
  • Fearful faces enhanced amygdala feedback to TEO/TE.
  • Threatening faces reduced amygdala and VLPFC modulation of TE, while appeasing faces reduced VLPFC modulation of the amygdala.

Conclusions:

  • Neural coupling dynamically changes during the perception of behaviorally significant facial expressions.
  • These alterations in effective connectivity are crucial for effective social communication.