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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness
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A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates Age-Exacerbated Illness

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Pneumococcal colonization in older adults.

Susanna Esposito1, Daniela Mari2, Luigi Bergamaschini3

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Commenda 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Immunity & Ageing : I & A
|January 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pneumococcal colonization is common in older adults, particularly those without comorbidities. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) could offer significant protection against prevalent serotypes in this population.

Keywords:
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine13-valent pneumococcal vaccine23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccineInvasive pneumococcal diseasePneumococcal carriagePneumococcal colonizationPneumococcal vaccinationPreventionStreptococcus pneumoniae

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on pneumococcal carrier states in elderly populations.
  • Understanding colonization patterns is crucial for vaccine strategy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate pneumococcal colonization in older adults before widespread PCV13 use.
  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with colonization.
  • To estimate PCV13's potential coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 417 adults aged 65+ in Milan, Italy.
  • Analysis of pneumococcal colonization prevalence and associated factors.
  • Assessment of serotype coverage by PCV13 and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).

Main Results:

  • Pneumococcal colonization was found in 9.8% of participants.
  • Colonization was less common in individuals with comorbidities (OR 0.453) and cardiac disease (OR 0.308).
  • PCV13 covers serotypes found in 89.3% of younger and 75.0% of older participants; serotype 19F was most common.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal colonization is prevalent in older adults, with PCV13 targeting common strains.
  • PCV13 shows potential for preventing pneumococcal infections in this age group.
  • Educational programs are needed to increase awareness and vaccination coverage.