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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

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Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research
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Author Spotlight: Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Approach to Induce Petite Colonies in Drug-Resistant Candida for Antifungal Research

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Fluconazole use during breastfeeding.

Yusuf Cem Kaplan, Gideon Koren, Shinya Ito

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |January 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Breastfeeding mothers can safely take fluconazole for thrush. This antifungal medication is also used for infant fungal infections, indicating a good safety profile for both mother and baby. No need to interrupt breastfeeding during treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Sciences
    • Pharmacology
    • Lactation Medicine

    Background:

    • Persistent breast and nipple thrush can significantly impact breastfeeding mothers.
    • Standard therapies may fail, necessitating alternative treatment options.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the safety of oral fluconazole for breastfeeding mothers with persistent thrush.
    • To assess the need for breastfeeding interruption during maternal fluconazole treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • A loading dose of 400 mg oral fluconazole followed by 100 mg twice daily for at least 2 weeks was administered.
    • Safety data regarding fluconazole use during breastfeeding was reviewed.

    Main Results:

    • Available data indicates that fluconazole use during breastfeeding is reassuring.
    • Fluconazole is considered safe for infants and is used to treat fungal infections in this population.

    Conclusions:

    • There is no need for breastfeeding mothers to interrupt nursing while taking oral fluconazole.
    • Fluconazole demonstrates a good safety profile for both mother and infant during lactation.