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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Published on: June 29, 2013

[Restrictive ventricular septal defect in a dwarf rabbit].

N Hildebrandt¹, C Leuser, D Miltz

¹Nicolai Hildebrandt, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere (Innere Medizin), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 126, 35392 Gießen,

Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere

|January 15, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) was diagnosed in a dwarf rabbit. This heart condition, a common congenital defect, showed typical features in this rabbit, similar to those seen in dogs and cats.

Keywords:

Congenital echocardiography heart disease heart murmur pet animal

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Cardiology
Comparative Pathology

Background:

Congenital heart defects are a concern in domestic animals.
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are common congenital cardiac anomalies.

Observation:

A 9-week-old dwarf rabbit presented with a grade IV/VI systolic heart murmur.
Radiographs indicated left-sided cardiomegaly.
Electrocardiography revealed sinus tachycardia at 360 beats/minute.

Findings:

Echocardiography identified a restrictive perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) measuring 0.8 mm.
A left-to-right shunt with a peak systolic flow velocity of 5.2 m/s was observed.
Relative pulmonic stenosis was also detected, with a peak pulmonary artery flow of 1.02 m/s.

Implications:

The VSD was classified as restrictive, initially not requiring medical intervention.
Follow-up examination after 7 weeks showed stable findings.
The VSD exhibited characteristics consistent with those found in canine, feline, and other rabbit VSD cases, aiding comparative diagnostics.