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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Cholera01:25

Cholera

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Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Gastroenteritis Leaves a Lasting Impression.

Michael C Abt1

  • 1Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.

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|January 15, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host immune responses to Yersinia enterocolitica infection can cause lasting changes to gut microbes. This susceptibility to chronic inflammation persists even after the pathogen is cleared.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Host immunity critically influences the intestinal microbiota.
  • Microbiota composition impacts host health and disease states.
  • Inflammatory responses can alter microbial communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of acute Yersinia enterocolitica infection on the intestinal microbiota.
  • To determine if aberrant inflammation during infection leads to persistent microbial shifts.
  • To assess host susceptibility to chronic inflammation post-infection.

Main Methods:

  • Infection model using Yersinia enterocolitica.
  • Analysis of intestinal microbiota composition.
  • Assessment of host inflammatory responses.
  • Longitudinal monitoring of host health and microbial communities.

Main Results:

  • An aberrant acute inflammatory response was observed during Yersinia enterocolitica infection.
  • This aberrant response induced long-lasting alterations in commensal microbial communities.
  • The host remained susceptible to chronic inflammation despite successful pathogen clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant inflammation during infection can have detrimental long-term consequences on the gut microbiota.
  • Persistent microbial dysbiosis may contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Understanding these host-microbe dynamics is crucial for managing infectious and inflammatory diseases.