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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Defining neonatal sepsis.

James L Wynn1

  • 1aDepartment of Pediatrics bDepartment of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|January 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal sepsis is a significant threat to preterm infants despite quality improvements. A lack of a standardized definition hinders progress in diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for this vulnerable population.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Neonatal sepsis remains a critical issue in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), particularly for preterm infants.
  • Despite quality improvement efforts, advances in clinical management, diagnostics, and outcomes for neonatal sepsis have been minimal over the past 30 years.
  • A major barrier to progress is the lack of a consistent and agreed-upon case definition for neonatal sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the ongoing challenge of neonatal sepsis in preterm infants.
  • To underscore the impact of a variable case definition on research and clinical practice.
  • To emphasize the need for a consensus definition to improve diagnostic and prognostic capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and consensus guidelines on neonatal sepsis.
  • Analysis of the implications of varied diagnostic criteria in research and clinical settings.
  • Comparison of sepsis definition variability with established criteria for other neonatal conditions.

Main Results:

  • Current pediatric sepsis definitions are inadequate for both term and preterm infants.
  • Significant variability exists in the criteria used by researchers to diagnose neonatal sepsis.
  • This inconsistency contrasts with the standardized criteria used for other serious NICU conditions like bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Conclusions:

  • The absence of a universally accepted definition for neonatal sepsis obstructs the development of improved diagnostic tools and prognostic assessments.
  • A consensus definition is crucial for advancing our understanding and management of neonatal sepsis.
  • Establishing a standardized definition will facilitate more accurate outcome data collection and comparative research.