Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Tumour budding with and without admixed inflammation: two different sides of the same coin?
Nicole Max1, Lars Harbaum2, Marion J Pollheimer1
1Institute of Pathology, Medical University, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria.
Background:
Tumour budding is an adverse prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer (CRC). Marked overall peritumoural inflammation has been associated with favourable outcome and may lead to the presence of isolated cancer cells due to destruction of invading cancer cell islets.
Methods:
We assessed the prognostic significance of tumour budding and peritumoural inflammation in a cohort of 381 patients with CRC applying univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results:
Patients with high-grade budding and marked inflammation had a significantly better outcome compared with patients with high-grade budding and only mild inflammation. Outcome in these cases, however, was still worse compared with cases with low-grade budding, in which the extent of peritumoural inflammation had no further prognostic effect.
Conclusions:
Tumour budding proved to be a powerful prognostic variable in patients with CRC. Scattering of invading cancer cell islets by marked overall peritumoural inflammation seems to have a minor role.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
The Tumor Microenvironment
The Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor Progression
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression
Metastasis
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Tumor Immunotherapy

