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The ubiquitous hyaluronan: Functionally implicated in the oviduct?

H Rodriguez-Martinez1, P Tienthai2, M Atikuzzaman1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University (LiU), Linköping, Sweden.

Theriogenology
|January 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in the pig oviduct supports sperm survival and immune tolerance. This glycosaminoglycan helps maintain sperm viability and prevents immune detection, crucial for fertility.

Keywords:
CapacitationHyaluronanImmunityPigSperm oviduct reservoirSperm survival

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan involved in various physiological and pathological processes.
  • In reproduction, hyaluronan plays critical roles from sperm survival to embryonic development.
  • Its synthesis, binding (via CD44 receptor), and degradation occur in reproductive organs, including the oviduct.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on the roles of hyaluronan in the survival of immunologically foreign spermatozoa within the pig oviduct.
  • To highlight the significance of hyaluronan in maintaining fertility by supporting sperm storage and immune evasion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on hyaluronan's function in the female reproductive tract.
  • Analysis of hyaluronan and CD44 receptor distribution in the oviductal sperm reservoir.
  • Examination of hyaluronan's role in regulating sperm capacitation and immune response.

Main Results:

  • Hyaluronan is synthesized by oviduct epithelium and concentrated in mucosal furrows where spermatozoa are stored.
  • Spermatozoa are embedded in hyaluronan-rich environments, ensuring their survival, preventing capacitation, and evading immune detection.
  • Hyaluronan in seminal plasma and oviduct contributes to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10, promoting maternal immune tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Hyaluronan is essential for maintaining the viability and immune privilege of spermatozoa in the pig oviduct.
  • The interaction between hyaluronan and its CD44 receptor is critical for establishing a functional sperm reservoir and ensuring successful fertilization.
  • Hyaluronan facilitates maternal immune tolerance towards spermatozoa, a key factor for reproductive success.