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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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Pessimism and Homework in CBT for Depression.

Mieke A Sachsenweger1, Richard B Fletcher1, Dave Clarke1

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Pessimism can influence how clients perceive their homework completion in cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), even though depression decreases are often independent of homework. Addressing pessimistic styles may enhance treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) is a widely used treatment for depression.
  • Client-rated benefits of homework completion are thought to contribute to treatment success.
  • Attributional style, a way of explaining events, may influence client perceptions and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how attributional style moderates the link between perceived homework benefits and depression during CBT.
  • To understand the role of pessimism in the relationship between homework completion and depression severity.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal analysis of data from 28 clients (aged 20-65) with first major depressive episodes undergoing up to 20 CBT sessions.
  • Data collected via client, therapist, and independent observer ratings.
  • Multilevel modeling used for within-person analysis.

Main Results:

  • Pessimism showed a slight moderating effect on the relationship between homework quantity/quality and depression severity over time.
  • Reductions in depression severity were largely unrelated to the extent of homework completion.
  • Client perception of homework benefits was influenced by their attributional style.

Conclusions:

  • CBT effectively reduces depression, but pessimistic attributional styles can impact how clients perceive their homework.
  • Focusing on addressing pessimistic attributional styles may be crucial for optimizing treatment and homework effectiveness in moderating depression severity.
  • Therapists should consider clients' attributional styles when discussing homework completion and its perceived benefits.