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The Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Inducing Anhedonia in Mice

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Microbial stress priming: a meta-analysis.

Diana R Andrade-Linares^1,2, Anika Lehmann^1,2, Matthias C Rillig^1,2

¹Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany.

Environmental Microbiology

|January 16, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial stress priming, a process where prior mild stress prepares microbes for future challenges, significantly boosts survival rates by tenfold. This beneficial effect is widespread across various microbial species and stress types, highlighting its ecological importance.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Ecology
Environmental Science

Background:

Microbes inhabit dynamic environments requiring adaptive strategies.
Anticipatory responses, like stress priming, can confer fitness advantages.
Stress priming involves prior exposure to mild stress preparing for subsequent, harsher stressors (triggering).

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively synthesize evidence on the impact of stress priming on microbial survival.
To investigate how microbial taxonomy and stress type influence the effectiveness of priming.
To assess the ecological significance of microbial stress priming.

Main Methods:

Meta-analysis of over 250 trials from 34 studies involving bacteria and fungi.
Analysis of categorical moderators including microbial species, stress categories, and stressor combinations.
Quantitative summarization of priming effect sizes across diverse experimental conditions.

Main Results:

Stress priming significantly enhances microbial survival, with primed microbes showing approximately tenfold higher survival rates.
Priming by osmotic, physiological, and temperature stress demonstrated the largest positive effect sizes.
Cross-protection was observed for physiological, temperature, and pH stresses, with microbes better prepared against oxidative, temperature, and osmotic triggering.

Conclusions:

Microbial stress priming has a broadly positive and significant impact on survival across various species and stressors.
Stress priming is ecologically significant and likely plays a crucial role in shaping microbial community structure and function.
The findings provide strong evidence for the widespread adaptive value of anticipatory stress responses in microbes.