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Related Experiment Video

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Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Updates of pathologic myopia.

Kyoko Ohno-Matsui1, Timothy Y Y Lai2, Chi-Chun Lai3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
|January 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pathologic myopia causes vision loss, but definitions varied. A new classification defines it by chorioretinal atrophy, improving diagnosis and treatment for this major cause of blindness.

Keywords:
Choroidal neovascularizationMyopic maculopathyOptic nerve changesPathologic myopiaPosterior staphyloma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Pathologic myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, particularly in East Asia.
  • Existing definitions of pathologic myopia are inconsistent, often failing to capture the full extent of the condition based on refractive error or axial length alone.
  • Posterior staphyloma, a key feature, can occur in non-highly myopic eyes, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of pathologic myopia.
  • To outline current challenges and future research directions in the field.
  • To standardize the definition and understanding of pathologic myopia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on pathologic myopia.
  • Analysis of a revised classification system for myopic maculopathy (META-PM study).
  • Inclusion of advancements in imaging technologies like OCT and 3D MRI.

Main Results:

  • A revised classification defines pathologic myopia by chorioretinal atrophy severity (equal to or more severe than diffuse atrophy).
  • Advanced imaging technologies enable detailed observation of specific pathologies.
  • New therapies, including anti-VEGF agents and vitreoretinal surgery, have improved patient prognoses.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized definitions are crucial for accurate diagnosis and research in pathologic myopia.
  • Technological advancements and novel therapies offer improved outcomes for patients.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining issues in managing pathologic myopia.