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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia
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Inducement and Evaluation of a Murine Model of Experimental Myopia

Published on: January 22, 2019

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Animal models in myopia research.

Frank Schaeffel1, Marita Feldkaemper2

  • 1Section of Neurobiology of the Eye, Ophthalmic Research Institute, Tuebingen, Germany. frank.schaeffel@uni-tuebingen.de.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|January 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Animal models reveal that the retina controls eye growth for refractive error development. However, key questions remain about applying these findings to human myopia progression and optical interventions.

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Response to comments by Kulkarni et al. on our article "Interactions of choroid and sclera in the myopia model of the chicken", http://doi:10.1016/j.exer.2026.110904.

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Interactions of choroid and sclera in the myopia model of the chicken.

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Short-term axial eye length changes after imposed defocus in emmetropes, myopes and hyperopes.

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Pilot study: non-invasive binocular fundal pulsation measurements using infrared photorefraction.

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Retinal proteomic analysis reveals ON/OFF visual stimulation-specific changes in a Guinea pig myopia model.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Animal Models in Vision Science

Background:

  • Myopia development is poorly understood, with animal models crucial for insights.
  • Accidental discoveries in monkeys and chickens significantly advanced myopia research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contributions of animal models to understanding myopia.
  • To highlight the limitations and unanswered questions regarding human myopia based on animal studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key animal studies (monkeys, chickens) on form deprivation and imposed defocus.
  • Analysis of findings related to retinal control of eye growth and emmetropization.

Main Results:

  • Animal models indicate visually controlled, locally regulated eye growth.
Keywords:
accommodationchildren's visionmyopia, retina

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  • Retinal defocus sign is detectable, but mechanisms and biochemical pathways are still under investigation.
  • Animal models provide foundational knowledge for human myopia hypotheses.

    • Conclusions:

    • Animal models are indispensable for understanding myopia, despite potential differences with human responses.
    • Critical questions persist regarding self-limiting myopia, undercorrection efficacy, and optical correction designs in humans.