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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV
Published on: September 14, 2010
Steroid-exacerbated HIV-associated cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: 'Where a
Shiven Chabria1, Lydia Barakat2, Onyema Ogbuagu3
1Department of Medicine, Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, CT, USA.
Abstract:
A 51-year-old man with head and neck skin lesions was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as his initial presentation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Following initiation of antiretroviral therapy and subsequent full virologic suppression, his facial lesions worsened, consistent with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). He was started on glucocorticoids in an attempt to ameliorate the KS-IRIS but experienced paradoxical worsening of the KS lesions. Steroids were subsequently discontinued and he required chemotherapy for severe and cosmetically disfiguring skin lesions. This article describes the potential for worsening of KS lesions in individuals started on glucocorticoids for KS-IRIS as this has been reported rarely in published literature. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood but potential explanations are offered in the case discussion. This article aims to raise clinician awareness on the harms of steroid use in patients with KS-IRIS.
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