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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
Published on: August 25, 2014
Neonatal outcomes following in utero exposure to buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone
Kristen M Gawronski1, Mona R Prasad2, Carl R Backes3
1Department of Pharmacy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Objectives:
To study neonatal outcomes following buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone exposure during pregnancy.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective review of clinical and demographic information of 58 infants whose mothers were treated with buprenorphine/naloxone and 92 infants whose mothers were treated with methadone for opioid dependence during pregnancy.
Results:
Gestational age, birth weight, prematurity, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and length of stay were similar between both groups of infants. Neonatal abstinence syndrome occurred less frequently among infants of mothers treated with buprenorphine/naloxone than those treated with methadone (64% and 80%, respectively, p = 0.03). All infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome were treated postnatally with methadone. There was a trend toward shorter duration of treatment and lower cumulative dosages of methadone among the buprenorphine/naloxone-exposed infants.
Conclusions:
No apparent significant adverse neonatal outcomes were detected following treatment with either maintenance medication; however, further prospective research is necessary to examine the safety and efficacy of buprenorphine/naloxone in pregnancy and its effects on the neonate.
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