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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Effect of Left Atrial Ligation on Avian Embryonic Hearts and HLHS Implications
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Thromboelastography in Selected Avian Species.

Sophie Strindberg, Tenna W Nielsen, Ângela M Ribeiro

    Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery
    |January 16, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thromboelastography (TEG) can evaluate avian hemostasis, but requires species-specific reference intervals due to significant variations in clotting parameters across different bird species. This method shows promise for diagnosing avian coagulopathies.

    Keywords:
    TEGaviancoagulationfibrinogenhemostasisthromboelastography

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Hemostasis Research

    Background:

    • Current methods for evaluating avian hemostasis are suboptimal, making the diagnosis of bleeding disorders in birds difficult.
    • Thromboelastography (TEG), a technique measuring blood viscoelastic properties, is established for diagnosing hemostatic disorders in mammals.
    • Adapting TEG for avian species could provide a valuable tool for veterinary diagnostics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the feasibility and establish reference intervals for thromboelastography (TEG) in six avian species.
    • To compare TEG parameters with traditional coagulation assays in avian whole blood.
    • To determine if modified mammalian TEG protocols are suitable for avian hemostasis assessment.

    Main Methods:

    • Modified thromboelastography (TEG) protocols were applied to citrated whole-blood samples from six avian species: scarlet ibis, American flamingos, helmeted Guinea fowl, Amazon parrots, Humboldt penguins, and domestic chickens.
    • Undiluted human tissue factor was used as the activator due to prolonged reaction times with other activators in avian samples.
    • Standard coagulation tests including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen were performed for comparison.

    Main Results:

    • Avian blood samples exhibited significantly delayed clot formation compared to mammals, irrespective of the activation method.
    • Significant species-specific differences were observed in reaction time, clotting rate, rate of clot formation (α angle), and maximum amplitude (MA) (P < .001 for all).
    • TEG parameters showed considerable variation, necessitating the establishment of species-specific reference intervals for accurate interpretation.

    Conclusions:

    • Thromboelastography (TEG) is a potentially valuable tool for assessing avian hemostasis.
    • Significant interspecies variability in clotting dynamics requires the development of species-specific reference intervals for TEG analysis in birds.
    • Further research and validation of TEG with established avian reference ranges could enhance the diagnosis and management of hemostatic disorders in avian species.