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Histiocytic differentiation in acute monocytic leukemia
Yong-xin Ru1, Shu-xu Dong1, Shi-xuan Zhao1
1a Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital , State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin , China.
Ultrastructural Pathology
|January 16, 2016
Summary
This study investigated acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) cases, finding that some share histiocytic phenotypes. These cases exhibited specific immunophenotypes and morphology, particularly in the M5b subtype.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Monocytes are progenitors for myeloid histiocytes like dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), and macrophages.
- Acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) involves leukemic blasts derived from monocyte progenitors.
- Some AML-M5 cases may exhibit histiocytic phenotypes, suggested by occasional histiocyte-related antigen (HRA) expression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential histiocytic phenotypes in AML-M5 cases.
- To clarify the immunophenotypic and morphologic characteristics of AML-M5 subtypes.
- To determine the association between histiocytic features and AML-M5 subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical staining of 93 AML-M5 cases using antibodies for HRAs, CD1a, CD163, S100, fascin, and langerin.
- Morphological analysis using light and transmission electron microscopy.
- Correlation of immunophenotypic and morphologic findings with AML-M5 subtypes (M5a and M5b).
Main Results:
- Twenty-three out of 93 AML-M5 cases showed positivity for two or more HRAs.
- These positive cases displayed a distinct set of histiocytic immunophenotypic and morphologic features.
- Histiocytic features were significantly associated with the AML-M5b subtype and CD14 expression.
Conclusions:
- A subset of AML-M5 cases exhibits genuine histiocytic differentiation.
- Immunohistochemistry and morphology are crucial for identifying histiocytic phenotypes in AML-M5.
- The findings support the concept of histiocytic origin in some myeloid leukemias.
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