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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Basic Insights into Tunable Graphene Hydrogenation.

Ricarda A Schäfer1, Daniela Dasler1, Udo Mundloch1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg , Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.

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|January 16, 2016
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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored hydrogenated and deuterated graphene synthesis from graphite intercalation compounds. Key factors like hydrogen source, graphite type, and solvent influence the production of mono- and few-layer graphene materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Potassium intercalation compounds serve as precursors for graphene functionalization.
  • Hydrogenation and deuteration are crucial for modifying graphene's properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in-depth hydrogenation and deuteration of graphite using potassium intercalation compounds.
  • To characterize the resulting hydrogenated and deuterated graphene products.
  • To identify key factors influencing the synthesis outcome.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hydrogenated and deuterated graphene from potassium graphite intercalation compounds.
  • Characterization using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG-MS).
  • Analysis via statistical Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and statistical Raman microscopy (SRM).

Main Results:

  • Reaction outcomes are significantly influenced by the hydrogen/deuterium source, graphite nature, potassium concentration, and solvent choice.
  • Successful production of both mono- and few-layer hydrogenated/deuterated graphene was achieved.
  • Detailed characterization confirmed the structure and composition of the synthesized materials.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis of hydrogenated and deuterated graphene is controllable by varying reaction parameters.
  • This method offers a pathway to tailored graphene materials for diverse applications.
  • Understanding these parameters is vital for scalable production of functionalized graphene.