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A review on recent developments for biomolecule separation at analytical scale using microfluidic devices.

Kishore K R Tetala1, M A Vijayalakshmi1

  • 1Advanced Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|January 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidic devices offer efficient separation of DNA, RNA, and proteins using chromatography and electrophoresis. This review covers advances in microchip materials and methods for biomolecule analysis.

Keywords:
Biomolecule separationChromatographyLigand immobilizationMicrofluidic devicesMonoliths

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Area of Science:

  • Life Sciences
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices enable precise handling of minute sample volumes (10^-9 to 10^-18 L).
  • They offer advantages such as multiplexing, rapid analysis, and on-chip detection.
  • These features make them highly efficient for various life science applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements (since 2010) in microfluidic devices for biomolecule separation.
  • To provide an overview of stationary phase materials and their integration into microchannels.
  • To discuss chemical immobilization methods for ligands used in affinity-based separations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature published since 2010.
  • Analysis of microfluidic techniques for separating DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • Focus on chromatography principles (size, charge, hydrophobicity, affinity) and electrophoresis methods (capillary electrophoresis, isotachophoresis).

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic devices are effective analytical tools for biomolecule separation.
  • Various stationary phase materials and incorporation strategies are detailed.
  • Chemical immobilization techniques for ligands are summarized.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic devices are versatile platforms for high-throughput biomolecule analysis.
  • Continued development in materials and methods enhances their separation capabilities.
  • These devices are crucial for advancing research in genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics.