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Graphene oxide surface blocking agents can increase the DNA biosensor sensitivity.

Biwu Liu1, Po-Jung Jimmy Huang1, Erin Y Kelly1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Biotechnology Journal
|January 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface blocking agents significantly enhance graphene oxide biosensor sensitivity by minimizing non-specific adsorption. DNA oligonucleotides proved most effective, boosting sensor performance nearly 10-fold for DNA, metal ions, and small molecules.

Keywords:
AdsorptionAptamersHybridization efficiencyNon-specific target adsorptionSurface blocking

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Biosensor Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) biosensors utilize DNA probe adsorption and desorption for target detection.
  • Current GO biosensors suffer from low sensitivity due to non-specific probe displacement and target adsorption.
  • A two-step mechanism involving non-specific probe displacement and solution hybridization limits signal generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate surface blocking agents for minimizing non-specific target adsorption on graphene oxide.
  • To enhance hybridization efficiency and improve the sensitivity of graphene oxide-based biosensors.
  • To explore the potential of surface blocking strategies for various targets and probe types.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of over ten blocking agents, including polymers, surfactants, and DNA oligonucleotides.
  • Evaluation of blocking agents based on their impact on probe DNA adsorption and target-induced desorption.
  • Systematic investigation of DNA blocking agent length and sequence effects.
  • Testing the developed blocking strategy with different targets (DNA, adenosine, Hg2+) and aptamer probes.

Main Results:

  • DNA oligonucleotides demonstrated significant and controllable enhancement of biosensor sensitivity.
  • Optimized blocking conditions led to a nearly 10-fold increase in sensor sensitivity for DNA detection.
  • The surface blocking strategy successfully improved sensitivity for other targets like adenosine and Hg(2+) using DNA aptamer probes.
  • Minimized non-specific target adsorption and increased hybridization efficiency were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Surface blocking agents, particularly DNA oligonucleotides, are effective in enhancing graphene oxide biosensor sensitivity.
  • This strategy addresses the limitations of non-specific adsorption and hybridization efficiency in GO-based biosensors.
  • The developed blocking method offers a general approach to improve various surface adsorption-based biosensors for diverse analytes.