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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Related Experiment Video

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Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
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Olfactory dysfunction in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia.

S S S Orasji1, J L Mulder2, S F T M de Bruijn1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|January 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients exhibit impaired odor association, likely due to temporal lobe and amygdala disruption. Smell identification and discrimination remained unaffected, with no correlation to disease severity.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseFrontotemporal dementiaOdor associationOdor identificationOlfactory functionSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory dysfunction research

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative disorders, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), often present with olfactory dysfunction.
  • In FTD, olfactory impairment is linked to the involvement of temporal and orbitofrontal brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate olfactory identification, differentiation, and association in behavioral variant FTD patients.
  • To determine if olfactory dysfunction severity correlates with FTD disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • Compared nine FTD patients with eleven healthy controls.
  • Utilized the Brief Smell Identification Test and the Odor Perception and Semantics Battery to assess olfactory abilities.

Main Results:

  • FTD patients showed significant impairment in odor association.
  • No significant differences were found in odor identification or discrimination tasks.
  • No correlation was observed between FTD severity and olfactory test performance.

Conclusions:

  • FTD is associated with impaired odor association, suggesting disruption in specific olfactory processing areas.
  • The temporal lobe and amygdala are proposed as key areas affected in FTD, leading to olfactory deficits.