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Long-Term Calorie Restriction Enhances Cellular Quality-Control Processes in Human Skeletal Muscle.

Ling Yang1, Danilo Licastro2, Edda Cava3

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|January 18, 2016
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Calorie restriction (CR) in humans increases serum cortisol and enhances cellular protein quality control. This hormetic intervention boosts molecular chaperones and autophagic mediators, potentially slowing aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Calorie restriction (CR) is known to retard aging in rodents, acting as a hormetic intervention.
  • CR increases serum corticosterone and HSP70 expression in rodents, but human data are limited.
  • Understanding CR's molecular effects in humans is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of long-term calorie restriction on serum cortisol and skeletal muscle molecular chaperones and autophagic proteins in humans.
  • To compare these factors between individuals on CR diets and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Serum cortisol levels were measured in subjects on CR diets (3-15 years) and control groups (sedentary and endurance athletes).
  • Skeletal muscle tissue was analyzed for mRNA and protein levels of HSP70, Grp78, beclin-1, and LC3.

Main Results:

  • Serum cortisol was significantly higher in the CR group compared to both sedentary and athlete controls.
  • Skeletal muscle exhibited increased levels of HSP70, Grp78, beclin-1, and LC3 in the CR group.
  • CR was associated with reduced inflammation markers.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term calorie restriction in humans is linked to elevated serum cortisol levels.
  • CR promotes cellular protein quality control through increased molecular chaperones and autophagic mediators.
  • These molecular adaptations may contribute to CR's anti-aging effects and reduced inflammation.