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Aminoglycosides constitute a highly potent class of bactericidal antibiotics that exert their antimicrobial effects by targeting the bacterial ribosome, specifically disrupting protein synthesis. These polycationic molecules consist of amino-modified sugars linked via glycosidic bonds to an aminocyclitol core such as 2-deoxystreptamine or streptamine. Their strong positive charges facilitate tight binding to the negatively charged phosphate backbone of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), primarily at the 16S...
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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
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[Short-course antibiotic regimens: Up-to-date].

A Dinh1, F Bouchand2, J Salomon1

  • 1Unité des maladies infectieuses, hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Île-de-France Ouest, CHU Raymond-Poincaré, 104, boulevard Raymond-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing antibiotic treatment durations is crucial for combating multi-drug resistant organisms. Shorter durations may reduce costs and adverse events, but require rigorous study for common infections.

Keywords:
Adapted use of antibioticsAntibiotiquesAntimicrobial therapyBon usageDurée de traitementMulti-drug resistant organismRésistances bactériennesTreatment duration

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Antibiotic treatment durations lack standardized documentation, contributing to the rise of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs).
  • Reducing antibiotic selection pressure is vital for antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Shorter antibiotic courses may decrease healthcare costs and mitigate adverse drug events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available data on optimal antibiotic treatment durations for common infections.
  • To highlight challenges in conducting rigorous trials on antibiotic duration.
  • To explore novel strategies for evaluating antibiotic treatment duration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on antibiotic treatment durations for frequent infections.
  • Analysis of challenges in designing and executing clinical trials for antibiotic duration.
  • Discussion of innovative approaches for assessing optimal treatment length.

Main Results:

  • Data on antibiotic treatment durations for urinary tract infections, community-acquired pneumonia, bone and joint infections, and intra-abdominal infections were compiled.
  • Significant methodological difficulties in performing trials to determine optimal antibiotic duration were identified.
  • Original options for better evaluation of antibiotic treatment duration were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for more rigorous studies to establish evidence-based antibiotic treatment durations.
  • Optimizing antibiotic duration is essential for effective antimicrobial stewardship and combating resistance.
  • Innovative trial designs are necessary to overcome current limitations in evaluating antibiotic treatment duration.