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Epidemiological characterisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae from India using multilocus sequence typing.

T Gopi, J Ranjith, S Anandan

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore - 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|January 19, 2016
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Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified nine novel Streptococcus pneumoniae sequence types (STs) in Indian children, alongside known international strains. This molecular epidemiology is crucial for understanding pneumococcal population dynamics before vaccine introduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant childhood illness globally.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae is vital for effective public health interventions, particularly in regions like India.
  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a powerful tool for molecular characterization of bacterial populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Indian children using MLST.
  • To determine clonality, genetic relatedness, and the correlation between serotypes and sequence types (STs).
  • To assess the relevance of these genetic characteristics in relation to antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of 40 invasive S. pneumoniae isolates from children under 5 years old.
  • Preliminary serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility profiling.
  • MLST for sequence type (ST) identification, followed by eBURST analysis for clonality and Sequence Type Analysis and Recombinational Tests (START) for genetic relatedness.

Main Results:

  • Nine novel STs (including three with new alleles) were identified among the 40 isolates, alongside the common ST63.
  • One major clonal complex was observed.
  • Serotypes 19F, 14, and 5 were most prevalent, with 2.5% and 30% non-susceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The study revealed a notable proportion of novel STs (22.5%) in Indian S. pneumoniae isolates, alongside internationally recognized strains.
  • Significant geographical variation in pneumococcal STs within India is suggested.
  • Molecular epidemiological data is essential for informing the national immunization program's pneumococcal vaccine strategy in India.