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Does education lower allostatic load? A co-twin control study.

Nayla R Hamdi1, Susan C South2, Robert F Krueger1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

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Education does not directly improve health. This study found that the link between more schooling and lower allostatic load (a measure of health) is due to shared family factors, not education itself.

Keywords:
Allostatic loadCo-twin controlDiscordant twinEducationHealth

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Area of Science:

  • Social Epidemiology
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Behavioral Health

Background:

  • Numerous studies indicate a positive correlation between higher educational attainment and improved health outcomes.
  • However, the precise causal mechanisms underlying this association remain incompletely understood.
  • Potential confounding factors include genetics and shared familial environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between years of education and allostatic load.
  • To determine if education's protective effect on health is independent of genetic and familial influences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a co-twin control design, a powerful method for disentangling genetic and environmental influences.
  • Analyzed data from 381 twins (146 complete pairs) from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) biomarker project.
  • Measured allostatic load using a comprehensive set of biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Individual-level analyses revealed a significant negative association between years of education and allostatic load.
  • However, within-twin pair analyses demonstrated that this association was entirely mediated by shared familial factors.
  • No independent protective effect of education on allostatic load was observed after accounting for shared influences.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that increased schooling does not directly confer protection against physiological wear and tear (allostatic load).
  • Familial factors, rather than educational attainment itself, may be the primary drivers of the observed education-health association.
  • Future research should focus on identifying specific familial or environmental pathways that link education and health.