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Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Human Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp: A Review
Edgar Ledesma-Martínez1, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez2, Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio1
1Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 09230 Mexico City, MEX, Mexico.
Stem Cells International
|January 19, 2016
Summary
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) show promise for regenerative medicine, capable of forming mineralized tissues. While DPSC therapy is advancing, further research is needed as current evidence largely relies on nonhuman studies.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Stem Cell Biology
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first identified over a decade ago as highly clonogenic cells.
- DPSCs possess the ability to generate densely calcified colonies and various dental and mineralized tissues.
- These cells are recognized for their potential in orthopedic and oral maxillofacial reconstruction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the potential applications of DPSCs beyond the stomatognathic system.
- To summarize the current understanding of DPSC differentiation capabilities.
- To discuss advancements in isolation, expansion, and clinical safety protocols for DPSCs.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on DPSC isolation, characterization, and therapeutic applications.
- Analysis of studies demonstrating DPSC differentiation into mineralized tissues.
- Evaluation of protocols for clinical-grade DPSC production and administration.
Main Results:
- DPSCs, regardless of origin (third molars, incisors, deciduous teeth), consistently generate mineralized tissue, extracellular matrix, and dentin-like structures.
- Efficient protocols for isolating and expanding clinically safe human DPSCs have been developed.
- Discussions cover optimal administration routes, contraindications, and efficacy monitoring parameters.
Conclusions:
- DPSC-based therapy holds significant promise for regenerative applications.
- Further clinical validation is required, as much current evidence stems from nonhuman xenotransplantation studies.
- DPSC technology is considered promising but not yet fully mature for widespread clinical use.
