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Related Concept Videos

Micelles01:30

Micelles

196
Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.8K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

4.3K
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
4.3K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.5K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.5K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

3.5K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
3.5K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Zwitterionic Amphiphilic Homopolymer Assemblies.

Rajasekhar R Ramireddy1, P Prasad1, A Finne1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.

Polymer Chemistry
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Zwitterionic polymers self-assemble into nanostructures and act as versatile nanocontainers. These polymers show pH-responsive behavior and low cytotoxicity, offering promising biomaterial applications.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Zwitterionic polymers offer unique properties for advanced applications.
  • Developing efficient synthesis routes for functional polymers is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize zwitterionic amphiphilic homopolymers using a facile one-pot method.
  • To investigate the self-assembly behavior and nanocontainer capabilities of these polymers.
  • To evaluate their pH-responsiveness and cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

  • One-pot synthesis utilizing activated ester-based polymer precursors.
  • Solvent-dependent self-assembly studies to form micelle-like and inverse micelle-like structures.
  • Assessment of nanocontainer properties in polar and apolar solvents.

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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
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Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
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  • Evaluation of pH-responsive surface charge and size changes.
  • Cytotoxicity assays compared to analogous polymers.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful one-pot synthesis of zwitterionic amphiphilic homopolymers.
    • Spontaneous formation of tunable micellar and inverse micellar assemblies based on solvent polarity.
    • Demonstrated utility as hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanocontainers.
    • Observed pH-responsive alterations in surface charge and particle size.
    • Exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicity than comparable amphiphilic homopolymers.

    Conclusions:

    • Zwitterionic amphiphilic homopolymers are readily synthesized and exhibit versatile self-assembly.
    • These polymers function as effective nanocontainers with tunable properties.
    • Their pH-responsiveness and low cytotoxicity highlight their potential for biomedical and nanotechnological applications.