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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

345
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
345
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

315
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
315
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

313
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
313
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

324
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
324
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

335
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
335
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

802
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
802

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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
08:47

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Geriatric assessment for oncologists.

Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki1, Holly M Holmes1, Armin Shahrokni1

  • 11 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA ; 2 Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Cancer Biology & Medicine
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As the global population ages, cancer incidence rises. Geriatric assessment (GA) helps oncologists distinguish between fit and frail older adults, optimizing cancer treatment decisions for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Geriatric oncologyfrailtygeriatric assessment (GA)

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric oncology
  • Population aging
  • Cancer epidemiology

Background:

  • Global populations are aging, leading to increased cancer incidence in older adults.
  • Cancer in older patients presents unique treatment challenges due to age-related physiological changes and comorbidities.
  • Differentiating between chronologic and physiologic age is crucial for effective cancer treatment in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of physiologic age over chronologic age in older cancer patients.
  • To introduce Geriatric Assessment (GA) as a tool for risk stratification and treatment planning in elderly cancer patients.
  • To discuss the practical implementation and challenges of integrating GA into oncology practice.

Main Methods:

  • Geriatric Assessment (GA) as a method to evaluate functional status and identify vulnerabilities in older adults.
  • Risk stratification of older cancer patients based on fitness or frailty.
  • Review of key considerations for incorporating GA into busy oncology settings.

Main Results:

  • Frail older adults may experience higher therapy toxicities and limited benefits, necessitating careful treatment consideration.
  • GA can identify reversible deficits and inform tailored treatment strategies.
  • GA aids clinicians in making informed decisions about aggressive therapy versus supportive care.

Conclusions:

  • Geriatric Assessment is a vital tool for personalizing cancer care in aging populations.
  • Successful implementation requires careful planning regarding resources, tools, and personnel.
  • Addressing the challenges of GA integration is key to improving cancer treatment outcomes for older adults.